If a metal spoon is placed in a pot of boiling water, even the end not touching the water gets very hot. When thermal energy is transferred between neighboring molecules that are in contact with one another, this is called conduction. Thermal energy transfers occur in three ways: through conduction, convection, and radiation. Temperature is used as a measurement of the degree of “hotness” or “coldness” of an object, and the term heat is used to refer to thermal energy being transferred from a hotter system to a cooler one. When a substance is heated, its temperature rises because the molecules it is composed of move faster and gain thermal energy through heat transfer. Thermal energy has to do with the internal energy of a system due to its temperature. A kinetic energy transfer is easy to observe and understand, but other important transfers are not as easy to visualize. In an energy transfer such as this one, energy moves from one object to another, but stays in the same form.
When a golf club is swung and hits a stationary golf ball, some of the club’s kinetic energy transfers to the ball as the club does “work” on the ball. In physics, work is a measure of energy transfer and refers to the force applied by an object over a distance. A common example of energy transfer that we see in everyday life is the transfer of kinetic energy-the energy associated with motion-from one moving object to a stationary object via work. However, this does not mean that energy is immutable it can change form and even transfer between objects. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, meaning that the total amount of energy in the universe has always been and will always be constant.
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